Unfortunately, there's no real barrier or lacquer that can be applied - the area the contacts the pad especially - any crap on there will have very serious effects on your braking.
You've got two main options, the first is to buy a more abrasive set of pads - it won't stop rust appearing, but should clear the surface quicker when you drive.
The second option is to buy a different set of discs, either going for a grade of metal that won't rust as fast or alternative materials.
I've heard that some Brembo discs are plated, to prevent rust in non-contact areas, if that helps. Whereas some cheap 'performance' discs are known to rust extremely quickly...